Ibhar - (whom God chooses), one of the sons of David, (2 Samuel 5:15; 1 Chronicles 3:6; 14:6) (born in Jerusalem. B. C. After 1044.)

Ibleam - (devouring the people), a city of Manasseh, with villages or towns dependent on it. (Judges 1:27) It appears to have been situated in the territory of either Issachar or Asher. (Joshua 17:11) The ascent of Gur was "at Ibleam," (2 Kings 9:27) somewhere near the present Jenin, probably to the north of it.

Ibneiah - (whom Jehovah will build up), son of Jehoram, a Benjamite. (1 Chronicles 9:8)

Ibnijah - (whom Jehovah will build up), a Benjamite. (1 Chronicles 9:8)

Ibri - (Hebrew), a Merarite Levite of the family of Jaaziah, (1 Chronicles 24:27) in the time of David. (B. C. 1014.)

Ibzan - (illustrious), a native of Bethlehem of Zebulun, who judged Israel for seven years after Jephthah. (Judges 12:8,10) (B. C. 1137.)

Ichabod - (inglorious), the son of Phinehas and grandson of Eli. (1 Samuel 4:21) (B. C. About 1100.)

Iconium - (little image), the modern Konieh, was the capital of Lycaonia, in Asia Minor. It was a large and rich city, 120 miles north from the Mediterranean Sea, at the foot of the Taurus mountains, and on the great line of communication between Ephesus and the western coast of the peninsula on one side, and Tarsus, Antioch and the Euphrates on the other. Iconium was a well-chosen place for missionary operations. (Acts 14:1,3,21,22; 16:1,2; 18:23) Paul's first visit here was on his first circuit, in company with Barnabas; and on this occasion he approached it from Antioch in Pisidia, which lay to the west. The modern Konieh is between two and three miles in circumference and contains over 30,000 inhabitants. It contains manufactories of carpets and leather.

Idalah - (memorial of God), one of the cities of the tribe of Zebulun, named between Shimron and Bethlehem. (Joshua 19:15)

Idbash - (stout), one of the three sons of Abi-Etam, among the families of Judah. (1 Chronicles 4:3)

Iddo - (timely or lovely).

Idol - An image or anything used as an object of worship in place of the true God. Among the earliest objects of worship, regarded as symbols of deity, were the meteoric stones,which the ancients believed to have been images of the Gods sent down from heaven. From these they transferred their regard to rough unhewn blocks, to stone columns or pillars of wood, in which the divinity worshipped was supposed to dwell, and which were connected, like the sacred stone at Delphi, by being anointed with oil and crowned with wool on solemn days. Of the forms assumed by the idolatrous images we have not many traces in the Bible. Dagon, the fish-god of the Philistines, was a human figure terminating in a fish; and that the Syrian deities were represented in later times in a symbolical human shape we know for certainty. When the process of adorning the image was completed, it was placed in a temple or shrine appointed for it. Epist. (Jeremiah 12:1; Jeremiah 19:1). . . Wisd. 13:15; (1 Corinthians 18:10) From these temples the idols were sometimes carried in procession, Epist. (Jeremiah 4:26) on festival days. Their priests were maintained from the idol treasury, and feasted upon the meats which were appointed for the idols' use. Bel and the Dragon 3,13.

Idolatry - strictly speaking denotes the worship of deity in a visible form, whether the images to which homage is paid are symbolical representations of the true God or of the false divinities which have been made the objects of worship in his stead.

Idumea - (red). [Edom, Idumaea Or Idumea]

Igal - (whom God will avenge).

Igdaliah - (whom Jehovah makes great), a prophet or holy man--"the man of God"--named once only, (Jeremiah 36:4) as the father of Hanan. (B. C. Before 406.)

Igeal - (whom God will avenge), a son of Nehemiah; a descendant of the royal house of Judah. (1 Chronicles 3:22) (B. C. 406.)

Iim - (ruins).

Ijeabarim - (ruin of Abarim), one of the later halting-places of the children of Israel. (Numbers 21:11; 33:44) It was on the boundary--the southeast boundary-- of the territory of Moab; in the waste uncultivated "wilderness" on its skirts.

Ijon - (a ruin), a town in the north of Palestine, belonging to the tribe of Naphtali. It was taken and plundered by the captains of Ben-hadad, (1 Kings 15:20; 2 Chronicles 16:4) and a second time by Tiglath-pileser. (2 Kings 16:29) It was situated a few miles northwest of the site of Dan, in a fertile and beautiful little plain called Merj' Ayun.

Ikkesh - (perverse), the father of Ira the Tekoite. (2 Samuel 23:26; 1 Chronicles 11:28; 27:9) (B. C. Before 1046.)

Ilai - (exalted), an Ahohite, one of the heroes of David's guard (1 Chronicles 11:29) (B. C. 1046.)

Illyricum - an extensive district lying along the eastern coast of the Adriatic, from the boundary of Italy on the north of Epirus on the south, and contiguous to Moessia and Macedonia on the east. (Romans 6:19)

Image - [Idol]

Imla - (whom God will fill up), father or progenitor of Micaiah the prophet. (2 Chronicles 18:7,8) The form IMLAH is employed in the parallel narrative. (1 Kings 12:8,9) (B. C. Before 896.)

Immanuel - that is, God with us, the title applied by the apostle Matthew to the Messiah, born of the Virgin, (Matthew 1:23; Isaiah 7:14) because Jesus was God united with man, and showed that God was dwelling with men.

Immer - (talkative).

Imna - (holding back), a descendant of Asher, son of Helem. (1 Chronicles 7:35) comp. 1Chr 7:40 (B. C. About 1461.)

Imnah - (holding back).

Imrah - (stubborn), a descendant of Asher, of the family of Zophah (1 Chronicles 7:36) (B. C. After 1445.)

Incense - from the Latin "to burn," "a mixture of gums or spices and the like, used for the purpose of producing a perfume when burned;" or the perfume itself of the spices, etc. , burned in worship. The incense employed in the service of the tabernacle walls compounded of the perfumes stacte, onycha, galbanum and pure frankincense. All incense which was not made of these ingredients was forbidden to be offered. (Exodus 30:9) Aaron, as high priest, was originally appointed to offer incense each morning and evening. The times of offering incense were specified in the instructions first given to Moses. (Exodus 30:7,8) When the priest entered the holy place with the incense, all the people were removed from the temple, and from between the porch and the altar. Cf. (Luke 1:10) Profound silence was observed among the congregation who were praying without, cf. (Revelation 8:1) and at a signal from the perfect the priest cast the incense on the fire and, bowing reverently toward the holy of holies, retired slowly backward. The offering of incense has formed part of the religious ceremonies of most ancient nations. It was an element in the idolatrous worship of the Israelites. (2 Chronicles 34:25; Jeremiah 11:12,17; 48:35) It would seem to be symbolical, not of itself, but of that which makes acceptable, the intercession of Christ. In (Revelation 8:3,4) the incense is of as something distinct from offered with the prayers of, all the saints cf. (Luke 1:10) and in Reve 6:8 It is the golden vials, and not the odors or incense, which are said to be the prayers of saints.

India - The name of India does not occur in the Bible before the book of Esther where it is noticed as the limit of the territories of Ahasuerus in the east, as Ethiopia was in the west. (Esther 1:1; 8:9) The India of the book of Esther is not the peninsula of Hindostan, but the country surrounding the Indus, the Punjab and perhaps Scinde. The people and productions of that country must have been tolerably well known to the Jews. An active trade was carried on between India and western Asia. The trade opened by Solomon with Ophir through the Red Sea consisted chiefly of Indian articles.

Inheritance - [Heir]

Ink, Inkhorn - [Writing]

Inn - The Hebrew word (malon) thus rendered literally signified "a lodging-place for the night. " Inns, in our sense of the term were, as they still are, unknown in the East, where hospitality is religiously practiced. The khans or caravanserais are the representatives of European inns, and these were established but gradually. The halting-place of a caravan was selected originally on account of its proximity to water or pasture, by which the travellers pitched their tents and passed the night. Such was undoubtedly the "inn" at which occurred the Incident in the life of Moses narrated in (Exodus 4:24) comp. Genesis42:27 On the more frequented routes, remote from towns, (Jeremiah 9:2) caravanserais were in course of time erected, often at the expense of the wealthy. "A caravanserai is a large and substantial square building. . . Passing through strong gateway, the guest enters a large court, in the centre of which is a spacious raised platform, used for sleeping upon at night or for the devotions of the faithful during the day. Around this court are arranged the rooms of the building. "

Inspiration - Dr. Knapp given as the definition of inspiration, "an extra-ordinary divine agency upon teachers while giving instruction, whether oral or written, by which they were taught what and how they should write or speak. " Without deciding on any of the various theories of inspiration, the general doctrine of Christians is that the Bible is so inspired by God that it is the infallible guide of men, and is perfectly trustworthy in all its parts, as given by God.

Instant, Instantly - in the Authorized Version, means urgent, urgently or fervently, as will be seen from the following passages: (Luke 7:4; 23:23; Acts 26:7; Romans 12:12)

Iphedeiah - (whom Jehovah frees), a descendant of Benjamin, one of the Bene-Shashak. (1 Chronicles 8:25)

Ir - (city). (1 Chronicles 7:12) [Iri]

Ira - (watchful of a city).

Irad - (fleet), son of Enoch; grandson of Cain, and father of Mehujael. (Genesis 4:18)

Iram - (belonging to a city), a leader of the Edomites, (Genesis 36:43; 1 Chronicles 1:54) i. E. The chief of a family or tribe. No identification of him has been found.

Iri - or Ir (belonging to a city), a Benjamite, son of Bela. (1 Chronicles 7:7,12)

Irijah - (seen by the Lord), son of Shelemiah, a captain in the ward, who met Jeremiah in the gate of Jerusalem called the "gate of Benjamin" accused him of being about to desert to the Chaldeans; and led him back to the princes. (Jeremiah 37:13,14) (B. C. 589.)

Irnahash - (serpent city), a name which, like many other names of places, occurs in the genealogical lists of Judah. (1 Chronicles 4:12)

Iron -

Irpeel - (God heals), one of the cities of Benjamin. (Joshua 18:27) No trace has yet been discovered of its situation.

Irshemesh - (city of the sun), a city of the Danites (Joshua 19:41) probably identical with Beth-shemesh.

Iru - (watch), the eldest son of the great Caleb son of Jephunneh. (1 Chronicles 4:15) (B. C. 1451.)

Isaac - (laughter), the son whom Sara bore to Abraham, in the hundredth year of his age, at Gerar. (B. C. 1897.) In his infancy he became the object of Ishmael's jealousy; and in his youth the victim, in intention, of Abraham's great sacrificial act of faith. When forty years old he married Rebekah his cousin, by whom, when he was sixty, he had two sons, Esau and Jacob. Driven by famine to Gerar, he acquired great wealth by his flocks but was repeatedly dispossessed by the Philistines of the wells which he sunk at convenient stations. After the deceit by which Jacob acquired his father's blessing Isaac sent his son to seek a wife in Padan-aram; and all that we know of him during the last forty-three years of his life in that he saw that God, with a large and prosperous family, return to him at Hebron. (Genesis 36:27) before he died there, at the age of 180 years. He was buried by his two sons in the cave of Machpelah. In the New Testament reference is made to the offering of Isaac (Hebrews 11:17; James 2:21) and to his blessing his sons. (Hebrews 11:20) In (Galatians 4:28-31) he is contrasted with Ishmael. In reference to the offering up of Isaac by Abraham, the primary doctrine taught are those of sacrifice and substitution, as the means appointed by God for taking away sin; and, as co-ordinate with these, the need of the obedience of faith, on the part of man, to receive the benefit. (Hebrews 11:17) The animal which God provided and Abraham offered was in the whole history of sacrifice the recognized type of "the Lamb of God, that taketh away the sins of the world. " Isaac is the type of humanity itself, devoted to death for sin.

Isaiah - the prophet, son of Amoz. The Hebrew name signifies Salvation of Jahu (a shortened form of Jehovah), He prophesied concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, (Isaiah 1:1) covering probably 758 to 698 B. C. He was married and had two sons. Rabbinical tradition says that Isaiah, when 90 years old, was sawn asunder in the trunk of a carob tree by order of Manasseh, to which it is supposed that reference is made in (Hebrews 11:37)

Isaiah, Book Of -

Iscah - (one who looks forth), daughter of Haran the brother of Abram, and sister of Milcah and of Lot. (Genesis 11:29) In the Jewish traditions she is identified with Sarai. (B. C. About 1920.)

Iscariot - (man of Kerioth). [Judas Iscariot ISCARIOT]

Ishbah - (praising), a man in the line of Judah, commemorated as the "father of Eshtemos. " (1 Chronicles 4:17)

Ishbak - (left behind), a son of Abraham and Keturah, (Genesis 25:2; 1 Chronicles 1:32) and the progenitor of a tribe of northern Arabia. (B. C. After 1856.)

Ishbibenob - (he that dwells at Nobl), son of Rapha, one of the race of Philistine giants, who attacked David in battle, but was slain by Abishai. (2 Samuel 21:16,17) (B. C. 1018.)

Ishbosheth - (man of shame) the youngest of Saul's four sons, and his legitimate successor. (B. C. 1068.) Ish- bosheth was "forty years old when he began to reign over Israel, and reigned two years. " (2 Samuel 3:10) During these two years he reigned at Mahanaim, though only in name. The wars and negotiations with David were entirely carried on by Abner (2 Samuel 2:12; 3:6,12) The death of Abner deprived the house of Saul of its last remaining support. When Ish-bosheth heard of it, "his hands were feeble, and all the Israelites were troubled. " He was murdered in his bed.

Ishi -

Ishiah - (whom Jehovah lends), the fifth of the five sons of Izrahiah, one of the heads of the tribe of Issachar in the time of David. (1 Chronicles 7:3) (B. C. 1046.)

Ishijah - (whom Jehovah lends), a lay Israelite of the Bene-Harim who had married a foreign wife. (Ezra 10:31) (B. C. 459.)

Ishma - (desolation), a name in the genealogy of Judah. (1 Chronicles 4:3)

Ishmael - (whom God hears).

Ishmaelite - (decendant of Ishmael). [Ishmael]

Ishmaiah - (Jehovah hears), son of Obadiah; the ruler of the tribe of Zebulun in the time of King David. (1 Chronicles 27:19) (B. C. 1046.)

Ishmeelite - (1 Chronicles 2:17) and Ish'me-elites (descendants of Ishmael), (Genesis 37:25,27,28; 39:1) the form in which the descendants of Ishmael are given in a few places in the Authorized Version.

Ishmerai - (whom Jehovah keeps), a Benjamite, one of the family of Elpaal. (1 Chronicles 8:18) (B. C. Before 538.)

Ishod - (man of glory), one of the tribe of Manasseh on the east of Jordan, son of Hammoleketh. (1 Chronicles 7:18) (B. C. 1491.)

Ishpan - (bald), a Benjamite, one of the family of Shashak. (1 Chronicles 8:22) (B. C. Before 588.)

Ishtob - (men of Tob), apparently one of the small kingdoms or states which formed part of the general country of Aram, named with Zobah, Rehob and Maacah. (2 Samuel 10:6,8)

Ishuah - (quiet), the second son of Asher. (Genesis 46:17) (B. C. 1706.)

Ishuai - (quiet), the third son of Asher, (1 Chronicles 7:30) founder of a family bearing his name. (Numbers 26:44) Authorized Version "Jesuites. " (B. C. 1706.)

Ishui - (quiet), the second son of Saul by his wife Ahinoam (1 Samuel 14:4) comp. 1Sam 14:50 (Died B. C. 1053.)

Isle - The radical sense of the Hebrew word seems to be "habitable places," as opposed to water, and in this sense it occurs in (Isaiah 42:15) Hence it means secondarily any maritime district, whether belonging to a continent or to an island; thus it is used of the shore of the Mediterranean, (Isaiah 20:6; 23:2,6) and of the coasts of Elishah, (Ezekiel 27:7) i. E. Of Greece and Asia Minor.

Ismachiah -

Ispah - (bald), a Benjamite of the family of Beriah; one of the heads of his tribe. (1 Chronicles 8:16) (B. C. Before 588.)

Israel - (the prince that prevails with God).

Israel, Kingdom Of -

Israelite - (descendant of Israel). In (2 Samuel 17:25) Ithra, the father of Amasa, is called "an Israelite," while in (1 Chronicles 2:17) he appears as "Jether the Ishmaelite. " The latter is undoubtedly the true reading.

Issachar - (reward).

Isshiab - (whom Jehovah lends).

Issue, Running - (Leviticus 15:2,3; 22:4; Numbers 5:2; 2 Samuel 3:29) In (Leviticus 15:3) a distinction is introduced, which merely means that the cessation of the actual flux does not constitute ceremonial cleanness, but that the patient must abide the legal time, seven days, ver 13, and perform the prescribed purifications and sacrifice. Ver. 14.

Isuah - (quiet), second son of Asher. (1 Chronicles 7:30) (B. C. 1706.)

Isui - (quiet), third son of Asher, (Genesis 46:17) founder of a family called after him, though in the Authorized Version appearing as THE Jesuites. (Numbers 26:44) (B. C. 1706.)

Italian Band - [Army]

Italy - This word is used in the New Testament, (Acts 18:2; 27:1; Hebrews 13:24) in the usual sense of the period, i. E. In its true geographical sense, as denoting the whole natural peninsula between the Alps and the Straits of Messina.

Ithai - (with the Lord), a Benjamite, son of Ribai of Gibeah, one of the heroes of David's guard. (1 Chronicles 11:31) (B. C. 1046.)

Ithamar - (land of palms), the youngest son of Aaron. (Exodus 6:23) (B. C. 1491.) After the death of Nadab and Abihu, (Leviticus 10:1) Eleazar and Ithamar were appointed to succeed to their places in the priestly office. (Exodus 28:1,40,43; Numbers 3:3,4; 1 Chronicles 24:2) In the distribution of services belonging to the tabernacle, and its transport on the march of the Israelites, the Gershonites and the Merarites were placed under the superintendence of Ithamar. (Exodus 38:21; Numbers 4:21-33) The high priesthood passed into the family of Ithamar in the person of Eli, but for what reason we are not informed.

Ithiel - (God is with me).

Ithmah - (bereavedness), a Moabite, one of the heroes of David's guard. (1 Chronicles 11:46)

Ithnan - (given), one of the towns in the extreme south of Judah. (Joshua 15:23) No trace of its existence has yet been discovered.

Ithra - (excellence), an Israelite, (2 Samuel 17:25) or Ishmaelite, (1 Chronicles 2:17) the father of Amasa by Abigail, David's sister. (B. C. Before 1023.)

Ithran - (excellence).

Ithream - (abundance of people), son of David, born to him in Hebron, and distinctly specified as the sixth, and as the child of Eglah, David's wife. (2 Samuel 3:5; 1 Chronicles 3:3)

Ithrite - (belonging to Jether), The, the designation of two of the members of David's guard, Ira and Gareb. (2 Samuel 23:38; 1 Chronicles 11:40) They may have come from Jattir, in the mountains of Judah. (B. C 1046.)

Ittahkazin - (time of the judge), one of the landmarks of the boundary of Zebulun. (Joshua 19:13) It has not been identified.

Ittai - (with the Lord).

Ituraea - (land of Jether), a small province on the northwestern border of Palestine, lying along the base of Mount Hermon, only mentioned in (Luke 3:1) Jetur the son of Ishmael gave his name like the rest of his brethren, to the little province he colonized. (Genesis 25:15,16) It adjoined Trachonitis, and lay along the base of Libanus between Tiberias and Damascus. At the place indicated is situated the modern province of Jedur, which is the Arabic form of the Hebrew Jetur

Ivah - (ruined), or a'va, which is mentioned in Scripture twice, (2 Kings 18:34; 19:13) comp. Isai 37:13 In connection with Hena and Sepharvaim, and once, (2 Kings 17:24) in connection with Babylon and Cuthah, must be sought in Babylonia, and is probably identical with the modern Hit, on the Euphrates.

Ivory - The word translated "ivory" literally signifies the "tooth" of any animal, and hence more especially denotes the substance of the projecting tusks of elephants. The skilled work-men of Hiram, king of Tyre, fashioned the great ivory throne of Solomon, and overlaid it with pure gold. (1 Kings 10:18; 2 Chronicles 9:17) The ivory thus employed was supplied by the caravans of Dedan, (Isaiah 21:13; Ezekiel 27:15) or was brought, with apes and peacocks, by the navy of Tarshish. (1 Kings 10:22) The "ivory house" of Ahab, (1 Kings 22:39) was probably a palace, the walls of which were panelled with ivory, like the palace of Menelaus described by Homer. Odys. Iv. 73. Beds inlaid or veneered with ivory were in use among the Hebrews. (Amos 6:4)

Izehar - (oil), the form in which the name Izhar is given in the Authorized Version of (Numbers 3:19) only.

Izeharites - (descendant of Izhar), The. A family of Kohathite Levites, descended from Izhar the son of Kohath, (Numbers 3:27) called also "Izharites" (1 Chronicles 26:23,29)

Izhar - (oil), son of Kohath grandson of Levi, uncle of Aaron and Moses and father of Korah. (Exodus 6:18,21; Numbers 3:19; 16:1; 1 Chronicles 6:2,18) (B. C. After 1490.) Izhar was the head of the family of the Izharites, (1 Chronicles 24:22; 26:23) or Izeharites. (Numbers 3:27; 1 Chronicles 26:23,29)

Izrahiah - (whom Jehovah causes to sparkle), a chieftain of Issachar. (1 Chronicles 7:3)

Izrahite - (descendant of Zerah), The, the designation of Shamhuth (1 Chronicles 27:8) Its real force probably Zerahite, that is, from the great Judaic family of Zerah.

Izri - (creator), a Levite leader of the fourth course or ward in the service of the house of God. (1 Chronicles 25:11) In ver. 3 he is called Zeri. (B. C. 1014.)